As mentioned by the Amoeba Sisters, they reproduce through binary fission, a process of simply dividing into two. They have a continuous double-stranded chromosomal DNA, but the DNA are circular and located in the nucleoid region (because they have no nuclear membrane). Aside from chromosomal DNA, bacterial cells also contain plasmid, a self-replicating circular DNA that are smaller than the chromosomal DNA. Bacteria, like other cells, also have cell membranes, but they also have a cell wall which is often made of peptidoglycan (not the same as plant’s cell wall!). Some bacteria also have hair-like appendages, the short one called pili (singular: pilus), and the long one called flagella (singular: flagellum). It turns out that bacteria have so many unique features that set them apart from other organisms, so let’s check them out in more detail!